ESDU 88024 considers scaling, corrosion, biofouling and particulate deposition and discusses the variables of importance for each. Advice is given on the design and subsequent operational management of a plant to minimise fouling. The importance of the water source, and hence its composition, is emphasised. Test equipment for assessing fouling is described. A table of heat transfer fouling resistances, showing their dependence on temperature, water velocity, material and water treatment applied, will be of particular value. Various means of fouling control are considered, using chemicals and biocides as appropriate. The properties of biocides currently used in industrial applications are discussed. On-line mechanical cleaning methods are also considered.