This American National Standard specifies tests and requirements for portable primary batteries with aqueous electrolyte and zinc anode (non-lithium) to ensure their safe operation under normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. For reference, the chemical systems standardized in ANSI C18.1M, Part 1 are:

Carbon zinc (Leclanché and zinc chloride types);

Alkaline manganese dioxide;

Silver oxide;

Zinc air;

Nickel oxy-hydroxide.